David IV

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King David IV of Georgia (1073-1125) is one of the most important figures in Georgian history, renowned for his military achievements and for bringing his kingdom from the brink of oblivion to the heights of glory. His reign was characterized by widespread domestic reform, a massive expansion of the kingdom's borders, a religious/cultural renaissance, and the creation of a powerful central state. After his incompetent, dithering father was deposed, the young David inherited a realm on the verge of collapse. Georgia had become a tributary of the potent Seljuk Empire, who had occupied or devastated most of the kingdom. Many of Georgia's vassals were threatening to break away, with some already having done so. From the outset, David provided an able ruler. His first order of business was to rein in the Georgian nobility, most notably the powerful but disloyal Baghvash family. With newfound wealth coming from dispossessed rebels, David created a salaried, professional army, which he then used to drive Seljuk raiders from his land and restore economic productivity. In 1110, David renewed the war with the Seljuk Empire, winning victory after victory and recapturing all of Georgia's lost land (along with a few new additions). His campaign culminated in 1121 at the Battle of Didgori, where his 55,000 men delivered a crushing defeat to a much larger Seljuk army thanks to superior tactics and maneuvering. After his subsequent recapture of Tbilisi (which he made the new capital) and his conquest of Shirvan, Georgia's territory spanned from the Black Sea to the Caspian. David was not just a conqueror—he was also an energetic reformer. The new courts he established expanded royal justice to even the most marginalized of his subjects, and he practiced tolerance towards Kipchak immigrants and the Armenian Apostolic Christians recently added to his kingdom. Through new ecclesiastical reforms and restrictions, he purged the increasingly-wayward Georgian Orthodox Church of nepotism and corruption. Along with many castles and churches, he established the Gelati Monastery in Kutaisi, which became the kingdom's greatest center of art and culture. Later generations would refer to David IV as "the Builder" for his work rebuilding the war-ravaged Kingdom of Georgia. His reign marks the start of the Golden Age of Georgia, and the kingdom he left behind would dominate the Caucasus for over a century.
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The Builder
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