Pepin III

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Pepin III (714-768) was King of the Franks and the founder of the Carolingian dynasty. Though he is perhaps best known as the son of Charles Martel and the father of Charlemagne, Pepin "the Short" was an impressive figure in his own right, finishing the work of the former and laying the groundwork for the latter. In 741, Pepin succeeded his father as Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Though technically in the "service" of the Merovingian king Childeric III, the Mayors of the Palace were the true power behind the Frankish throne. In 747, Pepin also became the Mayor of the Palace for Austrasia, uniting the two mighty offices much like his father had. Unlike his father, however, Pepin saw no reason to continue the charade of Merovingian kingship. In 751, with the blessing of the Pope, Pepin deposed Childeric and declared himself King of the Franks. The Pope himself came to Paris to anoint Pepin as king (the first time the Pope had coronated a secular ruler), granting Pepin major legitimacy and beginning the fruitful partnership between the Carolingians and the Papacy. In 754, Pepin repaid the favor, marching on Northern Italy to defend the Pope from the Kingdom of the Lombards. He defeated the Lombards in 756, carving out a large swath of land from Rome to Ravenna for the Pope to rule personally. The "Donation of Pepin" marked the foundation of the Papal States, forever changing the shape of Italian politics. Internally, Pepin worked tirelessly to expand the power of the Frankish king, introducing legal and ecclesiastical reforms, putting down revolts, and removing threats to his reign. He died in 768, dividing his kingdom between his sons Charlemagne and Carloman. Though not as well-known as his famous relatives, Pepin was still the founder of Europe's most powerful dynasty. His effort to build a relationship with the Papacy and the relatively stable kingdom he left behind were essential in the expansion of Francia and the Carolingian Renaissance.
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