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Pericles (495 - 429 BCE) was an influential politician and strategist in ancient Greece. As ruler and "first citizen" of Athens, he presided over a golden age for the city known as the "Age of Pericles". Born to an aristocratic family in ancient Athens, he first entered Athenian politics in 472 BCE. As leader of the city-state's reformist democratic faction, he outmaneuvered his conservative rival Cimon and rose to the rank of strategos, or military leader. As strategos, he helped restore Athens' preeminence over the Hellenistic world. He was also a renowned orator and beloved by both the citizenry and soldiery of Athens. During his tenure, Pericles fought in the Peloponnesian Wars, when the Athens-led Delian League fought the Sparta-led Peloponnesian League. Pericles died of disease in 429 BCE, early into the second Peloponnesian War, a war that ended the Athenian hegemony over Greece. Pericles's reign coincided with the rapid development of ancient Greek democracy. His rule saw the flourishing of Greek art and culture, along with the rise of famous philosophers like Socrates and Plato. At a public funeral for the war dead of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles delivered his famous "Funeral Oration", where he extolled the greatness of Athens and lifted the city's spirits. The Funeral Oration has been passed down through the generations as an important part of Athens' cultural heritage.
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Father of Athens
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